Measuring Economic Participation and Social Protection

Gender discrimination has always been a problem that affected our society, where women were and continue to be treated inferior to men and were downgraded to do domestic work. Although there have been several reforms in trying to lower inequality against women because of the now-known great importance to the development of society, it still, nonetheless plagues our society. The promotion of gender equality is co-existent with social protection and the first step to combating gender inequality, while simultaneously combating problems related to poverty and education. Inequality does not only exist in the form of gender inequality, but also in income distribution as well, where the top quintile of the population consumes far more than the bottom quintile of the population. The existence of unequal income distribution can potentially lead to aristocracy, in which a few members or countries have control over most resources and income (Thomas Caroll Associates, 2013). Dubner and Levitt a s cited by Thomas Caroll and Associates use a classic example of the Black Disciples, in which gang members received a mere $3.30 per hour, with minimum wage being $5.15 and over half of the income was received by gang leader. The members forfeited the chance of earning the higher income with the probability of becoming the next gang leader; however 1 of 4 died in their pursuit of becoming gang leaders. This application can be used in real life, where wealth is concentrated among a wealthyShow MoreRelatedMarket Failure And Policy Alternatives1566 Words   |  7 PagesFor every Chinese citizen, nowadays, his or her health is seriously threatened by China’s notorious air pollution. However, the relevant environmental protection institutions keep ignoring such serious problem due to the ambiguity of environment protection law of China. Also China fails to keep the balance between environmental protection and economic growth. Ignoring notorious air pollution in China, the health of current and next generation of China is at stake. In addition, the monopoly in China’sRead More Is Ecotourism a Viable Tool Toward Sustainability? Essays1468 Words   |  6 Pagesecotourism and its place in a broader development strategy. Measuring ecotourism is difficult because it is often lumped together with nature, wildlife and adventure tourism. â€Å"Much of what is marketed as ecotourism is simply mass tourism wrapped in a thin green veneer† (Honey 1999: 51) a concept referred to â€Å"ecotourism lite.† Acott and La Trobe (1998) refer to the same phenomenon as â€Å"shallow ecotourism.† They provide a conceptual framework for measuring whether an ecotourism venture is a sincere attempt atRead MoreThe Role Of Community On Natural Resources Conservation Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesUnwind, London. Cheng S, Hiwatashi Y, Imai H, Naito M, Numata T (1998). Cleaver KM, Schreiber GA (1994). 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And TurnerRead MoreEssay On Staff Retention1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthis information from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7Area=1Room=3Constellation=24LearningObject=104 Social constructivist - Social constructivism is a variety of cognitive constructivism that emphasizes the collaborative nature of much learning. http://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/learning-theory-research/social-constructivism/ Pragmatic - The pragmatic approach to science involves using the method which appears best suited to the research problem andRead More United Nations Human Development Report and the Need for International Democratization1819 Words   |  8 Pagesconsistently throughout the work, analyzing global trends of political participation and democracy. According to the UNHDR, human development is politically determined, not only socially and economically so as represented in many studies. The Report operates under the basic assumption that the current world is more free and more just than ever before, but that democracy (including structures of political participation, economic justice, health and education, and peace and personal security) is necessaryRead MoreEsquel Group14861 Words   |  60 PagesBanking (HSBC) Corporation for their support for this project. Table of Contents An Introduction to ‘Measuring Sustainability’ 1-5 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 6-7 6 6 7 7 7 7 8-10 8 8 8 8 9 9-10 11-17 11 11-12 12 13 13-17 17 18-26 18 18 19 19 20 20 21-22 22-23 23-24 24-25 25-26 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Study Aims Civic Exchange Aims Methodology Limitations Sustainable Development Measuring Sustainability Global Reporting Initiative A Sustainability ‘Snapshot’ - The Esquel Group IntroductionRead MorePhysically Challenged6701 Words   |  27 Pagesindividual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal, depending on age, sex, social and cultural factors, for that individual. Handicap is therefore a function of the relationship between disabled persons and their environment. It occurs when they encounter cultural, physical or social barriers which prevent their access to the various systems of society that are available to other citizens. Thus, handicap is the loss or limitationRead More The Existence of Crime Culture Among Certain Social Groups Essay3545 Words   |  15 Pagesfrustration is the origin of subcultures. Crime culture existed in certain social groups and the individuals learned the value of the delinquent subculture through participation in gangs. Delinquent subcultures have values that are in opposition to those of the d ominant culture. The strain is rooted by low economical conditions, poor parental relations, and low school standards, with no chance of succeeding in the future. The anti social structure of cities also affects the why a boy and or girl joins aRead MoreDo Religion, Spirituality And Health Concepts Have Any Relationship?1632 Words   |  7 PagesDo religion, spirituality and health concepts have any relationship? This this the question that comes to mind when measuring influence of religious identity and participation in health and illness responses. A lot of controversies were noted due to lack of consensus when researchers attempted to define and conceptualize religion (Koenig, King Carson, 2012). Online search through publications such as, online dictionary, CINAHL Plus, E-Journal yielded distinctive, but unrelated results. Merriam-WebsterRead MoreLiberalization And The Economic Growth2232 Words   |  9 PagesLiberalization or the 1991 economic reforms marks 25 years this ye ar. Debates continues on whether growth precede or followed liberalization. India has experienced unprecedented growth over the past three decades. 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Ctu History 101 Ip3 - 1029 Words

Modern American History: 1950 to the 21st Century (HIST101) Colorado Technical University For this project I am going to discuss two different articles about President Richard Nixon and the Watergate scandal. The first article is â€Å"The Washington Post Editorial Watergate: The unfinished business.† The other article that I will be discussing and comparing is one written by Dean Burch. â€Å"In Defense of Richard Nixon.† I will provide a brief summary of the two arguments as well as describe how the Watergate events changed American views in politics and politicians. I will also speculate how the events could have been different if the media and population during the Watergate scandal had today’s technology, an example being smart phones,†¦show more content†¦Nixon. It was clearly a ‘painful decision’ for the Tribunes editors, most of whom know the president personally† (1974, May 14). This statement is based on the fact that the Chicago Tribune’s Editorial was calling for the president to leave the office due to the Watergate affair. What was also mentioned was the fact that most if not all of the editors knew the president personally, and it appears that they were all on board to quickly to impeach the president. Dean Burch goes on to report, mostly in Nixon’s defense, that the president faces many decisions every day that affect all the lives in America, and he made the correct decision to open a full investigation into the Watergate scandal. One key question is also brought up: â€Å"Did Richard Nixon do wrong?† (1974, May 14). From reading this article it appears that the writer was looking at what the president was thinking and doing as a whole, not just speculate and ridicule him on just one topic. The article also references that â€Å"Like all good presidents, he is not perfect† (1974, May 14), by that statement if is clear that there were many other aspects of the situation that was not being recognized by the Chicago Tribune. Based on the two articles the Watergate events changed American views towards politics and politicians. One way that I view the differences is that

Development of the American Experiences Free Essays

Current society of America dates back to past development experiences. The American nationalities comprise of distinct tribes, states and ethnic groups who survived from diverse political, cultural and social backgrounds. New societies, culture and people mainly originate from migration in search for new opportunities and lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of the American Experiences or any similar topic only for you Order Now American society in the United States traces back their origin to more than one migration experiences. Such emigrational experiences labeled America as nation of immigrations. Change is inevitable, development experiences have been influenced by changes in the society where immigrants sought for new destinations. Change occurred due to impact of immigrant culture to the natives. The change results from pursuit of freedom and acceptance in the American society. The article seeks to evaluate the development experiences in the American Society by discussing thinker Jr. Martin Luther King commentary on â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† The paper presents a new interpretation of American history by focusing on Jr. Martin Luther King, political thought as a commentary on principles and problems of free government. In addition, some respects on modification of the principles as advanced in the declaration of independence and embodied in the constitution are discussed in this paper. The pursuit of Negro towards freedom and justice is discussed based on Jr. Martin Luther King answers to criticisms of his activities. Martin Luther King, Jr. , â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† While Jr. Martin Luther King was confined in the Birmingham city jail, he came across statement calling his activities â€Å"unwise and untimely. † He sought to answer criticisms of his work and ideas since the men who criticized him were of genuine good will with sincere criticisms. He served as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization that was established in every southern state with Atlanta, Georgia being headquarter. The organization had several affiliates who shared staff, educational and financial resources. The affiliates in Birmingham called the organization to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such sharing deemed necessary. These lead to Jr. Martin Luther King confined in Birmingham city jail because of injustices. The rise of injustices compelled Jr. Luther to fight for freedom beyond his home town by responding to the Macedonian call for aid. He was aware of the interrelationship of all communities and states, this lead to his concern about the injustices in Birmingham which threatened justice all over the state (Luther 1). The Negroes faced multifaceted problems from political, social and economic injustices. They faced segregation, racial discrimination, brutality, bloodshed and poverty. Such problems gave rise to freedom fighters in pursuit to achieve social freedom and justices. The Negro leaders were caught in an unavoidable network of mutuality which was tied to a single element of destiny. Importantly, what affects one directly affects all indirectly. He explored the demonstrations which took place in Birmingham, the city’s power structure of white left the Negro community with no alternative but to use demonstration to raise the issues which they faced. The nonviolent campaign comprised four basic steps namely: collection of the facts to determine existence of injustices, negotiation, self purification and direct action. All these steps were followed by black in Birmingham with aim of gaining justice. Racial injustices were dominant in the community; Birmingham was tremendously segregated city in the United States with brutal experiences. They experienced unjust treatment in the courts, high proportion of unsolved bombings of their homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other cities. The Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the white leaders of the city who consistently refused to engage in negotiation and understanding (Luther 1). After several failures of negotiations, Negro leaders got opportunity to talk with leaders of Birmingham’s economic community. Certain promises were made during negotiation, which saw merchants removed stores which were racialism sign. Such promises led to suspension of demonstration by Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and other leaders of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Negroes become victims of broken promises where injustices were briefly removed, returned and others remained. Shadow of disappointment remained upon the Negro leadership who sought for direct action with aim of presenting their cases to local and national community. Self purification was used, nonviolent workshops were introduced. Direct action was scheduled for the Easter season since it was main shopping period of the year. The by-product of direct action was a strong economic-withdrawal which brought pressure on merchants for a change to occur. Direct action plan was postponed until mayoral election was over and later till the run off with aim of demonstrations not to cloud the issue at hand. The defeat of Commissioner of Public Safety, Eugene â€Å"Bull† Connor resulted to more postponement of direct actions. The call of negotiation was indeed a purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action was used to create crisis and foster tension because community consistently refused to negotiate. The force was used to confront and dramatized the issue which could no longer be ignored. Luther is strongly opposed to violent tension, but he asserts that there is a constructive nonviolent tension which is effective for growth. It was very necessary to create a tension in the mind of individuals to enable them rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the free realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal. This suggests that the kind of tension is created in society to help individuals rise from dark depths of prejudice and racism to the greater heights of understanding and sense of belonging. The purpose of direct action was to create the crisis situation which opened door for negotiation (Luther 2). Despite Mr. Boutwell being a gentleman than Mr. Connor, they are both segregationists, who were interested in maintenance of status. One is forced to understand the Negro leadership legitimate and unavoidable impatience of breaking laws. Luther urged people to obey Supreme Court’s decision of 1954 which outlawed segregation in the public schools. However, one can ask why to break some laws while obeying others? Luther suggested that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. One has a legal and moral responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey unjust law. Just law is a man made code that mutually respects the moral law and God natural law while an unjust law is a coded unharmonious moral rule. Just law uplifts personality while unjust law degrades personality. Segregation is unjust since it distorts the soul and damages the personality. Segregator feels superior while the segregated are viewed as inferiors. Segregation is politically, economically, sociologically and morally wrong and sinful. Throughout the nation of Alabama, all sorts of segregation were used not to vote despite being majority in the population. Another form of segregation was that citizens were denied a privilege to have peaceful assembly and protest. Luther asserts that one who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly and willingly to accept the penalty (Luther 4). From Luther’s point of view, Negro’s great stumbling block towards achievement of freedom is not white citizens but the white moderates. The white moderates are highly devoted to order rather than to justice. They preferred a negative peace with absence of tension to a positive peace with presence of justice. In addition, they agreed on Negro’s pursuit for justice and freedom but not methods of direct action. They blocked social progress and revolution. Federal courts affirms that it is very wrong to advocate an individual to cease from efforts that enable one to gain basic constitutional rights because the pursuit may precipitate violence. Society must be involved in protecting the robbed and punishing the robber. It was hoped that the white moderates would reject the myth of timing concern in relation to struggle for freedom (Luther 5). It is apparent that Luther stood in middle of two opposing forces in the Negro community. One force was complacency, made up oppressed and drained Negroes who have adjusted to segregation. The other force comprised few middle-class Negroes who had academic and economic security. The forces were characterized by bitterness and hatred. Despite such forces, the Negro church way of nonviolence became an integral part of the struggle for freedom. The yearning for freedom eventually manifested itself among American Negroes which gave birth to freedom. With the conjunction of Africans, Asian, South Americans and the Caribbean, the United States Negro moved to great urgency towards racial justice (Luther 6). However, some of white individuals from South grasped the meaning of social revolution and they committed themselves towards it. Despite their low quantity, their high quality outweighed quantity. Some such as Ralph McGill, Lillian Smith, Harry Golden, James McBride Dabbs and Ann Braden have languished in jails for their pursuit of Negro social freedom (Luther 7). Conclusion From the evidence presented in the paper, it is concluded that developments of American experiences dates back to pursuit of political, social and economic freedom. Despite confinement of Jr. Martin Luther King in Birmingham jail, he answered all criticisms of his activities. Injustices such as segregation, brutality and racism compelled Luther to fight for freedom. Nonviolence demonstration which comprised of negotiation, self purification and direct action were used to raise issues of injustices. Direct action involved tension which helped society to wake up from racism to great heights of brotherhood. Laws are divided into two, just law which lifts up personality and unjust law which degrades personality. were segregated not to vote and privilege of peaceful assembly and protests were denied. The stumbling block of Negroes achievement of freedom was influenced by white moderates. Luther eventually won through the help of Negro church for struggle despite standing in the middle of Negro community opposition forces. Some whit individuals embraced social revolution though they languished in jails. Civil rights are not gained without determined legal and nonviolent pressure. It is known that through painful experience that freedom is not voluntarily given by the oppressor but it must be demanded by oppressed as the statement â€Å"Justice too long delayed is justice denied.† suggests. Time is neutral variable which can either be used destructively or constructively. How to cite Development of the American Experiences, Papers